Long answer·Standard multi-step (3/5)·No calculator
Difficulty guide
The label describes the problem, not your ability.
1/5 - Foundational
Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.
2/5 - Routine exam skill
Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.
3/5 - Standard multi-step
Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.
4/5 - Hard exam skill
High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.
5/5 - Challenge
Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.
Question
Compare ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and aniline with respect to basicity and physical behaviour. Your answer should use inductive effect, solvation and resonance rather than only memorised order.
Total: 4 marks
(a) Explain why aliphatic amines are generally more basic than ammonia. (1 mark)
(b) Explain why solvation affects the order among primary, secondary and tertiary amines in water. (1 mark)
(c) Explain why aniline is much less basic than ethylamine. (1 mark)
(d) State one physical-property consequence of bonding. (1 mark)
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