CBSE 10 Science · U3

Natural Phenomena

Syllabus-listed 12-mark theory unit covering reflection by curved surfaces, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, magnification, refraction, refractive index, spherical lenses, lens formula, power of a lens, human eye and defects of vision, prism refraction, dispersion, scattering, and daily-life applications. The colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset is explicitly excluded.

Test yourself

A focused, distraction-free run through 65 multiple-choice questions. Hints if you need them; your score at the end.

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Difficulty guide

The label describes the problem, not your ability.

1/5 - Foundational

Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.

2/5 - Routine exam skill

Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.

3/5 - Standard multi-step

Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.

4/5 - Hard exam skill

High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.

5/5 - Challenge

Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.

Topic 3.1

Reflection by Spherical Mirrors

Concave and convex mirrors, principal focus, centre of curvature, image formation and ray reasoning.

Topic 3.2

Mirror Formula and Magnification

New Cartesian sign convention, mirror formula, focal length, radius of curvature and magnification.

Topic 3.3

Refraction and Refractive Index

Laws of refraction, bending of light, refractive index, glass slab and apparent depth reasoning.

Topic 3.4

Spherical Lenses and Power

Convex and concave lenses, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens and image interpretation.

Topic 3.5

Human Eye, Prism and Scattering

Human eye, accommodation, myopia, hypermetropia, prism refraction, dispersion and scattering applications.

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