Case study·Standard multi-step (3/5)·No calculator
Difficulty guide
The label describes the problem, not your ability.
1/5 - Foundational
Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.
2/5 - Routine exam skill
Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.
3/5 - Standard multi-step
Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.
4/5 - Hard exam skill
High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.
5/5 - Challenge
Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.
Question
A student compares two atomic models after studying alpha-particle scattering. Model P has positive charge spread throughout a sphere. Model Q has positive charge concentrated in a tiny central nucleus.
Total: 4 marks
(a) Which model is consistent with rare large-angle scattering? (1 mark)
(b) Which observation supports the statement that most of the atom is empty space? (1 mark)
(c) Name one limitation that still remains in model Q. (2 marks)
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