Long answer·Standard multi-step (3/5)·No calculator

Difficulty guide

The label describes the problem, not your ability.

1/5 - Foundational

Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.

2/5 - Routine exam skill

Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.

3/5 - Standard multi-step

Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.

4/5 - Hard exam skill

High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.

5/5 - Challenge

Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.

Question

Explain Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and the meaning of the negative sign in E=NdΦ/dt\mathcal E=-N\,d\Phi/dt. Then apply it to a coil for which flux is constant for some interval.
Total: 5 marks

(a) State Faraday's law in words and equation form. (2 marks)

(b) Explain the negative sign. (2 marks)

(c) State the induced emf when flux is constant. (1 mark)

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