Short answer·Standard multi-step (3/5)·No calculator
Difficulty guide
The label describes the problem, not your ability.
1/5 - Foundational
Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.
2/5 - Routine exam skill
Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.
3/5 - Standard multi-step
Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.
4/5 - Hard exam skill
High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.
5/5 - Challenge
Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.
Question
A student directly nitrates aniline with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid and expects only p-nitroaniline. Explain why this expectation is unsafe and how the amino group is usually protected.
Total: 3 marks
(a) Why does direct nitration not give only the expected para product? (1 mark)
(b) How is the amino group protected? (1 mark)
(c) How is the free amine regenerated? (1 mark)
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