Case study·Standard multi-step (3/5)·No calculator
Difficulty guide
The label describes the problem, not your ability.
1/5 - Foundational
Warm-up setup; checks one basic idea.
2/5 - Routine exam skill
Normal syllabus skill; usually one main rule or interpretation.
3/5 - Standard multi-step
Exam-style problem with multiple steps or a common trap.
4/5 - Hard exam skill
High-end exam problem; combines methods carefully.
5/5 - Challenge
Stretch problem beyond normal exam pressure.
Question
The figure shows numbered positions around a substituted benzene ring. Use the numbering to apply ortho, meta and para definitions; decide the directing effect from the substituent.
Total: 5 marks
(a) How many ortho positions are available relative to X? (1 mark)
(b) How many meta positions are available relative to X? (1 mark)
(c) If X is , which numbered positions and position types are favoured in nitration? (2 marks)
(d) If X is , which numbered positions and position type are favoured in further nitration? (1 mark)
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